How to Install Docker on Ubuntu 19.10/18.04/16.04 LTS

In this article, We are going to perform How to Install Docker on Ubuntu 19.10/18.04/16.04 LTS or any other cloud platform like Amazon EC2, Azure VM, Google Compute Engine, etc.

What is Docker ?

Docker is a software containerization platform that packages your application, all its libraries and configuration files in the form of a docker container where you can develop, ship and execute the applications.

In addition to it, Docker provides a robust client-server application architecture with a powerful server, REST API and command-line interface client. You can use the same infrastructure to run more containers and utilize fewer resources.

Docker can be installed on any operating system, it can be Mac, Windows, Linux and even cloud. It works only on 64 bit Linux installation and needs a Linux kernel of 3.10 and a higher version

Prerequisites:

  • Ubuntu 19.10/18.04/16.04 LTS with 64-bit.
  • Kernel version >= 3.10 or higher.

Check Kernel Version

Use below command to check kernel version,

$ uname -r

Output:

5.0.0-1028

Check Ubuntu OS Version:

To check ubuntu OS version enter below command

cat /etc/os-release

NAME="Ubuntu"

VERSION="18.04.3 LTS (Bionic Beaver)"

ID=ubuntu

ID_LIKE=debian

PRETTY_NAME="Ubuntu 18.04.3 LTS"

VERSION_ID="18.04"

HOME_URL="https://www.ubuntu.com/"

SUPPORT_URL="https://help.ubuntu.com/"

BUG_REPORT_URL="https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/"

PRIVACY_POLICY_URL="https://www.ubuntu.com/legal/terms-and-policies/privacy-policy"

VERSION_CODENAME=bionic

Install docker on Ubuntu

Docker is available in two editions i.e. Enterprise and Community, here we are installing community edition which is free of cost.

Install docker using below command

$ sudo apt-get install -y docker.io

OR

You can install docker by script as shown below

$ curl -fsSL https://get.docker.com -o get-docker.sh
$ sh get-docker.sh

OR

Install Docker from APT Repository

Update the system packages

$ sudo apt-get update

Install below prerequisite packages

$ sudo apt-get install apt-transport-https ca-certificates curl gnupg-agent software-properties-common

Add below Docker’s official GPG key:

$ curl -fsSL https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu/gpg | sudo apt-key add -

Add the Docker APT repository to your system

$ sudo add-apt-repository "deb [arch=amd64] https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu $(lsb_release -cs) stable"

Update the Docker Repository Information

$ sudo apt-get update

Install Docker on Ubuntu

$ sudo apt-get install docker-ce

Once installed verify Docker Service status

$ sudo systemctl status docker

Output:

docker.service - Docker Application Container Engine

Loaded: loaded (/lib/systemd/system/docker.service; enabled; vendor preset: enabled)

Active: active (running) since Sun 2020-03-22 07:43:44 UTC; 32s ago

Docs: https://docs.docker.com

Main PID: 118265 (dockerd)

Tasks: 10

CGroup: /system.slice/docker.service

└─118265 /usr/bin/dockerd -H fd:// --containerd=/run/containerd/containerd.sock

Running Docker commands without sudo

By default, Docker requires administrator privileges, Docker group is created when during the installation of Docker packages.

Add your system user to docker group.

$ sudo usermod -aG docker $USER

Docker Command-Line

Before moving to Docker Images, Let’s see Docker commands. Before are docker command syntax

 $ docker [option] [command] [arguments]

Run docker command to view all available subcommads.

$ docker

Commands:

  attach      Attach local standard input, output, and error streams to a running container
  build       Build an image from a Dockerfile
  commit      Create a new image from a container's changes
  cp          Copy files/folders between a container and the local filesystem
  create      Create a new container
  diff        Inspect changes to files or directories on a container's filesystem
  events      Get real time events from the server
  exec        Run a command in a running container
  export      Export a container's filesystem as a tar archive
  history     Show the history of an image
  images      List images
  import      Import the contents from a tarball to create a filesystem image
  info        Display system-wide information
  inspect     Return low-level information on Docker objects
  kill        Kill one or more running containers
  load        Load an image from a tar archive or STDIN
  login       Log in to a Docker registry
  logout      Log out from a Docker registry
  logs        Fetch the logs of a container
  pause       Pause all processes within one or more containers
  port        List port mappings or a specific mapping for the container
  ps          List containers
  pull        Pull an image or a repository from a registry
  push        Push an image or a repository to a registry
  rename      Rename a container
  restart     Restart one or more containers
  rm          Remove one or more containers
  rmi         Remove one or more images
  run         Run a command in a new container
  save        Save one or more images to a tar archive (streamed to STDOUT by default)
  search      Search the Docker Hub for images
  start       Start one or more stopped containers
  stats       Display a live stream of container(s) resource usage statistics
  stop        Stop one or more running containers
  tag         Create a tag TARGET_IMAGE that refers to SOURCE_IMAGE
  top         Display the running processes of a container
  unpause     Unpause all processes within one or more containers
  update      Update configuration of one or more containers
  version     Show the Docker version information
  wait        Block until one or more containers stop, then print their exit codes
 
 Run 'docker COMMAND --help' for more information on a command.

Working with Docker Images

Once docker is installed, Lets test docker by testing docker images

Docker images are required for establishing Docker containers. These images can be used for linking to any of the Docking environment.

Before running docker images, check by accessing hello-world image from Docker Hub

$ docker run hello-world

Error:

docker: Got permission denied while trying to connect to the Docker daemon socket at unix:///var/run/docker.sock: Post http://%2Fvar%2Frun%2Fdocker.sock/v1.40/containers/create: dial unix /var/run/docker.sock: connect: permission denied.

Change the docker.sock permission

$ sudo chmod 666 /var/run/docker.sock

 Output:

Unable to find image 'hello-world:latest' locally

latest: Pulling from library/hello-world

1b930d010525: Pull complete

Digest: sha256:f9dfddf63636d84ef479d645ab5885156ae030f611a56f3a7ac7f2fdd86d7e4e

Status: Downloaded newer image for hello-world:latest

 Hello from Docker!

This message shows that your installation appears to be working correctly.

Above output shows we have installed docker correctly.

$ docker search ubuntu

Output:

NAME                                                      DESCRIPTION                                     STARS               OFFICIAL            AUTOMATED
ubuntu                                                    Ubuntu is a Debian-based Linux operating sys…   10657               [OK]
dorowu/ubuntu-desktop-lxde-vnc                            Docker image to provide HTML5 VNC interface …   408                                     [OK]
rastasheep/ubuntu-sshd                                    Dockerized SSH service, built on top of offi…   244                                     [OK]
consol/ubuntu-xfce-vnc                                    Ubuntu container with "headless" VNC session…   212                                     [OK]
ubuntu-upstart                                            Upstart is an event-based replacement for th…   107                 [OK]
neurodebian                                               NeuroDebian provides neuroscience research s…   67                  [OK]
1and1internet/ubuntu-16-nginx-php-phpmyadmin-mysql-5      ubuntu-16-nginx-php-phpmyadmin-mysql-5          50                                      [OK]
u-debootstrap                                            debootstrap --variant=minbase --components=m…   43                  [OK]
nuagebec/ubuntu                                           Simple always updated Ubuntu docker images w…   24                                      [OK]
i386/ubuntu                                               Ubuntu is a Debian-based Linux operating sys…   19
1and1internet/ubuntu-16-apache-php-5.6                    ubuntu-16-apache-php-5.6                        14                                      [OK]
1and1internet/ubuntu-16-apache-php-7.0                    ubuntu-16-apache-php-7.0                        13                                      [OK]
ppc64le/ubuntu                                            Ubuntu is a Debian-based Linux operating sys…   13
1and1internet/ubuntu-16-nginx-php-phpmyadmin-mariadb-10   ubuntu-16-nginx-php-phpmyadmin-mariadb-10       11                                      [OK]
1and1internet/ubuntu-16-nginx-php-5.6                     ubuntu-16-nginx-php-5.6                         8                                       [OK]
1and1internet/ubuntu-16-nginx-php-5.6-wordpress-4         ubuntu-16-nginx-php-5.6-wordpress-4             7                                       [OK]
1and1internet/ubuntu-16-apache-php-7.1                    ubuntu-16-apache-php-7.1                        6                                       [OK]
darksheer/ubuntu                                          Base Ubuntu Image -- Updated hourly             5                                       [OK]
pivotaldata/ubuntu                                        A quick freshening-up of the base Ubuntu doc…   4
1and1internet/ubuntu-16-nginx-php-7.0                     ubuntu-16-nginx-php-7.0                         4                                       [OK]
pivotaldata/ubuntu16.04-build                             Ubuntu 16.04 image for GPDB compilation         2
smartentry/ubuntu                                         ubuntu with smartentry                          1                                       [OK]
1and1internet/ubuntu-16-php-7.1                           ubuntu-16-php-7.1                               1                                       [OK]
pivotaldata/ubuntu-gpdb-dev                               Ubuntu images for GPDB development              1
1and1internet/ubuntu-16-sshd                              ubuntu-16-sshd                                  1                                       [OK]

Above output show all available Ubuntu images,download the base image to your server.

$ docker pull ubuntu

Output:

Using default tag: latest

latest: Pulling from library/ubuntu

5bed26d33875: Pull complete

f11b29a9c730: Pull complete

930bda195c84: Pull complete

78bf9a5ad49e: Pull complete

Digest: sha256:bec5a2727be7fff3d308193cfde3491f8fba1a2ba392b7546b43a051853a341d

Status: Downloaded newer image for ubuntu:latest

docker.io/library/ubuntu:latest

This command downloads an image to your server from docker registry/DockerHub.

$ docker images

You will see Ubuntu images is downloaded.

REPOSITORY          TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE
ubuntu              latest              4e5021d210f6        2 days ago          64.2MB
hello-world         latest              fce289e99eb9        14 months ago       1.84kB

Remove Docker Images

Syntax:

$ docker rmi <REPOSITRY Name /IMAGE ID >

 Example:

$ docker rmi ubuntu

Working with Docker Container

Docker Containers are lightweight and it uses the host OS and it included software package that consists of all the dependencies required to run an application.

Lets launch container with Ubuntu docker image.

$ docker run -i -t ubuntu /bin/bash

-i  –                                  To start an interactive session.
-t  –                                 Allocates a tty and attaches stdin and stdout.
ubuntu–                       Docker image that is used to create the container.
bash (or /bin/bash)– command that is running inside the Ubuntu container.

Note- The container will stop when you leave it with the command exit. If you like to have a container that is running in the background, you just need to add the -d option in the command
OR
To exit from docker container type CTRL + P + Q. This will leave container running in background an provide you host system console.

Now Run Docker Container in background.

$ docker run -i -t --name=Ubuntu-Linux -d ubuntu /bin/bash

Output:

docker run -i -t --name=Ubuntu-Linux -d ubuntu /bin/bash
023828e786e025f594adceea1405afe80e0aaf055f29b46592343e86535bd9df

To verify Docker Container running in background

$ docker ps

Output:

CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS              PORTS               NAMES
023828e786e0        ubuntu              "/bin/bash"         2 minutes ago       Up 2 minutes                            Ubuntu-Linux

Access the shell of Docker Container that runs in the background mode using “CONTAINER ID”

$ docker exec -i -t 023828e786e0 /bin/bash

Output:

docker exec -i -t 023828e786e0 /bin/bash
root@023828e786e0:/#

Access the shell of Docker Container that runs in the background mode using “NAMES”

$ docker exec -i -t Ubuntu-Linux /bin/bash

Type “Exit” to exit from Docker Container shell.

To update the System Packages of Docker Container

$ docker exec 023828e786e0 apt-get update

Let’s install Apache2 in docker container

$ docker exec 023828e786e0 apt-get install apache2 -y

To check apache2 service status inside Docker Container

$ docker exec 023828e786e0 service apache2 status

Output:

docker exec 023828e786e0 service apache2 status
* apache2 is not running

Start Apache2 service inside Docker Container

$ docker exec 023828e786e0 service apache2 start

Expose Docker Container ports and access Apache outside

$ docker run -p 81:80 -itd 4e5021d210f6

-p – Exposes the host port to container port

To verify Apache is accessing from outside, Open your favourite browser , type the IP address of your system IP followed by port 81

http://SystemIP:81/

docker container port expose

To list all Docker Containers including stopped

$ docker ps -a

To view Logs for a Docker Container

$ docker logs <Containe ID>

To rename Docker Container

$ docker rename <Old_Name> <New_Name>

To Start/Stop Container

$ docker stop <CONTAINER ID>
$ docker start <CONTAINER ID>

To remove the Docker Container, stop it first and then remove it

$ docker rm <CONTAINER ID>

Run below command to remove all stopped containers

sudo docker rm -f $(sudo docker ps -a -q)

To remove untagged docker images

sudo docker images | grep none | awk '{ print $3; }' | xargs sudo docker rmi

Uninstall Docker From Ubuntu

To completely remove Docker from Ubuntu, Run below commands,

$ sudo apt-get purge docker-ce
$ sudo rm -rf /var/lib/docker

Conclusion

In this article, We have covered Install Docker on Ubuntu, Docker Commands, Docker Image, Docker Container and performed various docker operation commands and uninstalling docker from Ubuntu.

Related Articles

Docker Installation

How to Install Docker on Windows 10

Dockerfile Instructions

Dockerfile Instructions with Examples

Docker Image

How to Create Docker Image for Node JS Application [2 Steps]

Shell Script to Build Docker Image [2 Steps]

Docker Compose

How to Create Docker Image for Node JS Application [2 Steps]

Docker Commands

100 Docker Basic Commands with Examples

81 Docker Command Cheat Sheet in Image and PDF Format

Docker Interview Questions and Answers for Freshers

50 Real Time Docker Interview Questions and Answers

Reference

https://docs.docker.com/install/linux/docker-ce/ubuntu/

FOSS TechNix

FOSS TechNix (Free,Open Source Software's and Technology Nix*) founded in 2019 is a community platform where you can find How-to Guides, articles for DevOps Tools,Linux and Databases.

Leave a Comment

This site uses Akismet to reduce spam. Learn how your comment data is processed.

Share via
Copy link
Powered by Social Snap